Humanized hemato-lymphoid system mice

Humanized mice

Animal models have been instrumental in increasing the understanding of human physiology, particularly immunity. However, these animal models have been limited by practical considerations and genetic diversity. The creation of humanized mice that carry partial or complete human physiological systems may help overcome these obstacles. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases con...

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Related Pathways in Hemato-Lymphoid Malignancies

Angiogenesis is essential for malignant tumor growth. This has been documented for solid tumors, and there is an emerging evidence suggesting that tumor progression of hematolymphoid malignancies also depends on the induction of new blood vessel formation. The most important proangiogenic agent is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), activating VEGF receptors 1 and 2. The available data o...

Humanized TCR Transgenic Mice

Amino acid residues 111–129 represent an immunodominant epitope of myelin basic protein (MBP) in humans with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 * 0401 allele(s). The MBP 111– 129–specific T cell clone MS2-3C8 was repeatedly isolated from a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting an involvement of MS2-3C8 T cells in the pathogenesis. To address the pathogenic potential of the MS2-3C8 T ...

The Humanized Earth System

A number of informal terms (e.g., Anthropocene, Anthropozoic, Psychozoic, Noozoic, and Technogene) have been used to designate the rock unit and time interval where the impact of collective human action on the Earth system is clearly recognizable (called here the Humanized Earth System or HES). Presently, Anthropocene is the most commonly used, and the International Commission on Stratigraphy i...

Engineering Humanized Mice for Improved Hematopoietic Reconstitution Running Title: Improving Humanized Mice